Bio3400 Chapter 6 Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Bacterial growth can be divided into three phases: phase, phase ( growth), and phase.
Cells grown in liquid medium can be quantified by the serial technique.
Bacteria can undergo , in which genetic information from one bacterium is transferred to another, resulting in in the latter.
F⁺ cells contain a (F) factor that has genes for sex formation and allows the host to donate DNA during . Recipient cells are usually converted to F⁺.
An (high-frequency recombination) strain has an F factor, and can donate DNA in an fashion to an F^- cell.
Sometimes, an F factor is from the chromosome of an Hfr cell, producing an cell. Transfer of an F' to an F^- cell results in a .
such as Factors contain one or more genes and replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. plasmids confer antibiotic resistance.
Bacteria can also undergo genetic recombination by , in which pieces of extracellular DNA are taken up by a cell and into the chromosome.
(phages) such as T4 are viruses that infect a host bacterium and use the host enzymes to reproduce.
The number of phages produced following the infection of bacteria can be determined by the assay.
Sometimes a phage integrates its DNA into the bacterial chromosome in a process called , and the viral DNA ( ) is replicated with the host DNA.
Bacteriophages can mediate genetic in their bacterial hosts in a process called .
- In transduction, DNA instead of DNA is packaged in a phage particle and transferred to a recipient host.
mapping in bacteriophages can be done by examining phage mutations that affect plaque .