Bio3400
Chapter 10
DNA Structure and Analysis
The model for genetic expression is summarized in the central
of molecular
genetics:
genetic information flows from
to
to
.
The building blocks of nucleic acids are
, which consist of a
base, a
sugar, and a
group.
The
bases
can be
or
.
A nitrogenous base and a
sugar
make up a
.
A nucleoside and a phosphate group make
up
a
.
A nucleotide is also called a nucleoside
. Adding one or two phosphate groups results in
nucleoside
and
, respectively.
Nucleotides are linked by a
bond between the phosphate group at the
position and the OH group on the
position.
Two strands of DNA
polynucleotides
form a
helix,
which are
to each
other.
Most
RNA
is
stranded and synthesized from a complementary strand of
.
Nucleic acids can be separated and analyzed by sedimentation
centrifugation
and sedimentation
centrifugation.
DNA base composition can also be estimated by measuring
shift during
DNA
.
Denatured and other single-stranded nucleic acids can be
by cooling. This allows for
molecular
of nucleic acids from different sources.
Fluorescent in situ
(
FISH
) can be used to identify the chromosomal location of a DNA segment.
kinetics
show the size and complexity of genomic DNA.
Nucleic acid fragments can be
separated
by gel
.