Bio3400 Chapter 10 DNA Structure and Analysis
  1. The model for genetic expression is summarized in the central        of molecular genetics: genetic information flows from      to      to           .



     
     
     
     
  2. The building blocks of nucleic acids are              , which consist of a              base, a          sugar, and a            group.


       
       
       
       
    • The              bases can be          or              .

       
       
       
       
    • A nitrogenous base and a          sugar make up a             .

       
       
       
       
    • A nucleoside and a phosphate group make up a             .


     
     
     
     
  3. A nucleotide is also called a nucleoside                . Adding one or two phosphate groups results in nucleoside               and                , respectively.

     
     
     
     
  4. Nucleotides are linked by a                 bond between the phosphate group at the     position and the OH group on the     position.

     
     
     
     
  5. Two strands of DNA polynucleotides form a         helix, which are               to each other.









     
     
     
     
  6. Most RNA is         stranded and synthesized from a complementary strand of      .

     
     
     
     
  7. Nucleic acids can be separated and analyzed by sedimentation              centrifugation and sedimentation           centrifugation.







     
     
     
     
  8. DNA base composition can also be estimated by measuring               shift during DNA               .



     
     
     
     
  9. Denatured and other single-stranded nucleic acids can be            by cooling. This allows for molecular                of nucleic acids from different sources.



     
     
     
     
  10. Fluorescent in situ                ( FISH ) can be used to identify the chromosomal location of a DNA segment.

     
     
     
     
  11.                kinetics show the size and complexity of genomic DNA.

     
     
     
     
  12. Nucleic acid fragments can be separated by gel                  .