Chapter 8 Quiz Videos  Art

Part 1: Genes, Chromosomes, and Heredity Chromosome Mutations Review
  1. Variations in chromosome number can arise from , in which chromosomes or chromatids fail to disjoin during .
     
     
     
     
  2. for anything other than the chromosome is often fatal. In monosomy, such as syndrome, only a section of a chromosome is lost.
     
     
     
     
  3. usually exhibits less severe effects than monosomy; many plants can be viable in this state.
     
     
     
     
  4. A trisomic cell shows irregular pairing during : the 3 chromosomes may synapse to form a .
     
     
     
     
  5. In humans, trisomy of chromosome 21 results in syndrome, usually caused by nondisjunction of the chromosome 21 during meiosis.
     
     
     
     
  6. Other examples of trisomy syndromes are Patau syndrome (trisomy ) and Edwards syndrome (trisomy ).
     
     
     
     
  7. Polyploidy (more than 2 haploid sets of chromosomes) occurs mostly in plants, and can be either or , and sometimes .
     
     
     
     
  8. Amphidiploid plants can also be produced by cell hybridization.
     
     
     
     
  9. Rearrangements of chromosome segments include , , , and .
     
     
     
     
  10. A chromosome (or a deficiency) can occur near one end ( deletion ) or from the interior of the chromosome ( deletion ).
     
     
     
     
    • A deletion in recessive mutants may exhibit in a heterozygote.
     
     
     
     
  11. A is a repeated segment of DNA caused by crossing over during meiosis or through a replication error prior to meiosis.
     
     
     
     
    • A duplicated gene may exhibit phenotypic variations in genes that exhibit
     
     
     
     
  12. An involves a rearrangement of the linear gene sequence and may arise from chromosomal ; the inversion can be paracentric or pericentri .
     
     
     
     
  13. is a movement of a chromosomal segment to a new location in the genome.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
  14. Some chromosome sites are and susceptible to breakage, causing disorders such as Fragile syndrome, which is the most common form of inherited mental retardation. 
     
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
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